Expected Returns: Valuation theory shows that the expected return of a stock is a function of its current price, its book equity (assets minus liabilities) and expected future profits, and that the expected return of a bond is a function of its current yield and its expected capital appreciation (depreciation). We use information in current market prices and company financials to identify differences in expected returns among securities, seeking to overweight securities with higher expected returns based on this current market information. Actual returns may be different than expected returns, and there is no guarantee that the strategy will be successful.

Profitability-to-Book: The profitability-to-book ratio is used to measure a company's profitability relative to its book value. A company's profitability is generally calculated by subtracting operating expenses from its gross profit. Book value is generally a firm's reported assets minus its liabilities on its balance sheet.